Due Dates for March 2016

5th	Service Tax	Service Tax Payments by Companies for February
5th	Central Excise	Duty Payment for all Assessees other than SSI Units for February
7th	Income Tax	TDS Payment for February
10th	Central Excise	Monthly Return in Form ER-1 (Ann-12) for other than units availing SSI exemption for February
		Monthly Return in Form ER-2 (Ann-13) by 100% Export Oriented Undertakings (EOUs) for February
		Montly information relating to principal units in Form ER-6 (Ann 13AC) for specified assessees for April
		Exports Procurement of specified goods from EOU for use in manufacture of Export goods in Form Ann-17B for DTA units, procuring specified goods from EOU for manufacture of export goods
		Proof of Exports in Form Ann.-19, once in a month for all exporters, exporting goods under Bond
		Export details in Form Ann.-20, for Manufacturing following simplified export procedure
		Removal of excisable goods at concessional rate in Form Ann. -46 for Manufacturers receiving the excisable goods for specified use at concessional rate of duty in terms of Rules described in Col. 4
15th	Income Tax	Advance Income Tax - Final Installment for All Assessees
15th	Providend Fund	PF Payment for February
20th	APVAT/ TS VAT	VAT Monthly Return for February
21st	ESIC	ESIC Payment for February
31st	Central Excise	Duty Payment for all Assessees other than SSI Units for March
		Duty Payment for SSI Units in respect of goods cleared during January to March
		Particulars relating to clearances, electricity load etc., in Form Ann.-4 exceeding the limit of Rs. 90 lakhs of exempted clearances for small scale units availing exemption and whose turnover exceeds or has exceeded Rs. 90 lakhs in a financial year, as the case may be
31st	Profession Tax	Annual Return (For salary paid for the monht from 1st March to 29th Feb Tax < Rs.50,000/-)
31st	Profession Tax	Monthly Return (covering salary paid for the preceding month) (Tax Rs. 50,000/- or more)

Due Dates for the Month of February 2016

5th	Service Tax	Service Tax Payments by Companies for February
5th	Central Excise	Duty Payment for all Assessees other than SSI Units for February
7th	Income Tax	TDS Payment for February
10th	Central Excise	Monthly Return in Form ER-1 (Ann-12) for other than units availing SSI exemption for February
		Monthly Return in Form ER-2 (Ann-13) by 100% Export Oriented Undertakings (EOUs) for February
		Montly information relating to principal units in Form ER-6 (Ann 13AC) for specified assessees for April
		Exports Procurement of specified goods from EOU for use in manufacture of Export goods in Form Ann-17B for DTA units, procuring specified goods from EOU for manufacture of export goods
		Proof of Exports in Form Ann.-19, once in a month for all exporters, exporting goods under Bond
		Export details in Form Ann.-20, for Manufacturing following simplified export procedure
		Removal of excisable goods at concessional rate in Form Ann. -46 for Manufacturers receiving the excisable goods for specified use at concessional rate of duty in terms of Rules described in Col. 4
15th	Income Tax	Advance Income Tax - Final Installment for All Assessees
15th	Providend Fund	PF Payment for February
20th	APVAT/ TS VAT	VAT Monthly Return for February
21st	ESIC	ESIC Payment for February
31st	Central Excise	Duty Payment for all Assessees other than SSI Units for March
		Duty Payment for SSI Units in respect of goods cleared during January to March
		Particulars relating to clearances, electricity load etc., in Form Ann.-4 exceeding the limit of Rs. 90 lakhs of exempted clearances for small scale units availing exemption and whose turnover exceeds or has exceeded Rs. 90 lakhs in a financial year, as the case may be
31st	Profession Tax	Annual Return (For salary paid for the monht from 1st March to 29th Feb Tax < Rs.50,000/-)
		Monthly Return (covering salary paid for the preceding month) (Tax Rs. 50,000/- or more)

Due Dates for January 2016

5th	Service Tax	Service Tax Payments by Companies for December
		Service Tax Payments by other than companies for October to December
5th	Central Excise	Duty Payment for all Assessees other than SSI Units for December
		Duty Payment for SSI Units in respect of goods cleared during October to December
7th	Income Tax	TDS Payment for December
10th	Central Excise	Monthly Return in Form ER-1 (Ann-12) for other than units availing SSI exemption for December
		Monthly Return in Form ER-2 (Ann-13) by 100% Export Oriented Undertakings (EOUs) for December
		Montly Return in ER-3(Ann-13A) for small scale manufacturers availing SSI exemption for October to December
		Montly information relating to principal units in Form ER-6 (Ann 13AC) for specified assessees for February
		Exports Procurement of specified goods from EOU for use in manufacture of Export goods in Form Ann-17B for DTA units, procuring specified goods from EOU for manufacture of export goods
		Proof of Exports in Form Ann.-19, once in a month for all exporters, exporting goods under Bond
		Export details in Form Ann.-20, for Manufacturing following simplified export procedure
		Removal of excisable goods at concessional rate in Form Ann. -46 for Manufacturers receiving the excisable goods for specified use at concessional rate of duty in terms of Rules described in Col. 4
		Particulars in Form No. ER-8 (Ann. 13AE) for specified Assessees paying 2% duty for October to December
15th	Income Tax	TDS / TCS Quarterly statements (other than Goverment Deductors)  - October to December
15th	Providend Fund	PF Payment for December
15th	Central Excise	CENVAT credit return in Form Ann-13B for Registered Dealers and Importers for October to December
20th	APVAT/ TS VAT	VAT Monthly Return for December
21st	ESIC	ESIC Payment for December
31st	Central Excise	Particulars relating to clearances, electricity load etc., in Form Ann.-4 exceeding the limit of Rs. 90 lakhs of exempted clearances for small scale units availing exemption and whose turnover exceeds or has exceeded Rs. 90 lakhs in a financial year, as the case may be
31st	Profession Tax	Monthly Return (covering salary paid for the preceding month) (Tax Rs. 50,000/- or more)

How to Find PAN Number of a Person or Firm or Company

Most often, we as Accountants have to get the works done even though we have short of information. 

One of such situations is: We don't have a Permanent Account Number (PAN) but we have to manage the things  like

• We don't have PAN of a Person or a Partnership Firm or a Company who is a TDS deductee but we have to file a Quarterly e-TDS Return;
• We have file a IT Return of our Company where we don't have PAN of a person who gave Unsecured Loan which covered under Section 269SS/ 269T; 
• Knowing PAN of Auditor/ Audit Firm for RoC or IT Forms
• Filing PAN of a Partner or Director of Key Management Personnel or Major Shareholder in IT Return Form, etc

The following are some of techniques that we use in our day-to-day practice for finding the PAN of an Individual, a Partnership Firm, a Company, a trust or a Government Organization:

1. Through Know your TAN (Not Know your PAN)

I as a Chartered Accountant always feel quite easy to know PAN of a person through Know your TAN by providing Category, State and Name. We don't need to give full name. It's biggest advantage here. 

Here, the tricky is choosing Category. Most of the cases, we can guess the category correctly but sometimes, we have to play around by changing the categories.

There are cases, especially in case of Govt Organization, we may not find PAN in TAN Database or the PAN what we are looking for does not have TAN at all. In such cases, we have to go to the following alternatives.

2. Know your PAN

Following link Know your PAN and submitting the form after filling DoB and Surname

If you don't know Date of Incorporation of a Company, you may follow link Company Master Details of MCA21 Site and the result will be as follows:

Finding PAN of a Company is quite simple. Getting Date of Incorporation from Master Data of MCA21 Site and submitting Know your PAN of IT Site.

However, you may find sometime name of the company in MCA21 is different from name of the Assessee in IT database.  In such situations, we need to play around a little bit.

For example, PRIVATE LIMITED in MCA21 but PVT LTD in IT Database, There is space between two words in company name as per MCA21 but there is no space as per IT Database, etc. 

3. Through Service Tax Invoice:

It's quite simple one.

If we go through the provisions of the Service Tax, every service provider who issues Tax Invoice has to give his Service Tax Registration Number on the Invoice mandatorily; and 

The service tax registration number is a 15 digit number which comprises as follows:

1st 10 digits: PAN No. of the Assessee

11th & 12th digits: Service Tax Code (it's either ST or SD)

13th, 14th & 15th digits: Serial Number for the ST Registration allotted for a PAN Card

4. Through RoC Forms:

As a Chartered Accountant, I always find new way for a problem. This is the most interesting and challenging option of finding PAN Number.

We must admit the fact that most of the businessmen are Directors of one or more companies and has the DIN. Now-a-days, it's very easy to know the DIN of a director. You can find DIN in RoC Forms and Income Tax Forms also.

To know DIN of a person, follow View Signatory Details of MCA21 site.

Here is the tricky now. We can get PAN number of a director from many RoC Forms but I go now with downloading Form No. INC-1 and fill some of the basic fields of the form, fill the DIN in Point No. 8 (Particulars of Proposed Directors) and click Pre-fill. That's it, we get the PAN Number corresponding to the DIN from the MCA21 Database as shown in the screen shot below.

As an Accountant, the above are some of the techniques that I use in our day-to-day practice for finding the PAN. If you know any new technique or do you have any query on finding PAN, please provide as a comment below for the benefit our Accountants Community.

Top Accounting Ratios that Every Accountant Should Know

The accounting ratios or financial ratios can be used to evaluate the financial condition of a company. 

The accounting ratios may be used by the Bankers, by the current and potential shareholders (Owners) and also by Creditors of the Company. 

Therefore, it's very much essential for the Accountants to know about the accounting ratios and the interested parties of the Ratios. The following is the list of important list of Accounting Ratios that Every Accountant should know:

To Test	Name of Ratio	Formula	Parties Interested	Industry Norm
Liquidity and Solvency	i) Current Ratio	Current Assets Current Liabilities	Short-term creditors, investors, money lenders & like parties	2:1
	ii)  Liquid/Quick/ Acid Test Ratio	Current assets - Stock - Prepaid ExpensesCurrent Liabilities - Bank Overdraft - Prereceived Income	-do-	1:1
	iii)  Absolute Liquid Ratio	(Cash + Marketable securities) Quick Liabilities	-do-	1:1
	iv)  Proprietary Ratio	Proprietor’s Fund Total Assets  [Proprietor’s funds = Equity Capital + Preference Capital + Reserves and Surplus + Accumulated funds - Debit balances of P & L A/c and Miscellaneous Expenses]	-do-	60% to 75%
Capitalisation	i)  Debt Equity Ratio	Debt Equity  [Debt = Long/Short-term loans, debentures, bills, etc, Equity = Proprietor’s funds]	-do-	2:1
	ii)  Capital Gearing Ratio	Fixed cost funds Funds not carrying fixed cost  [Fixed cost funds = Preference share capital, Debentures, Loans from  banks, financial institutions, other unsecured loans]. [Funds not carrying fixed cost = Equity share capital + undistributed profit - P & L A/c (Dr. Bal.) - Misc. expenses].	-do-	2:1
Profitability and management efficiency	i)  Gross Profit Ratio	Gross Profit x 100 Net sales	Shareholders, Long-term Creditors, Government	20% to 30%
	ii) Net Profit Ratio	Net Profit x 100 Net sales [Net profit may be either Operating Net profit, Profit before tax or Profit after tax].	-do-	5% to 10%
	iii)  Return on Capital Employed (ROCE)	Net profit x 100 Capital employed  [Capital employed = Fixed Assets + Current Assets - Current Liabilities].	-do-	-
	iv)  Return on Proprietors fund	Profit after tax Proprietor’s funds	-do-	-
	v)  Return on Capital	Profit after tax less pref. Dividend  x 100 Equity Share Capital	-do-	-
	vi)  Earnings per share [EPS]	Profit after tax less pref. Dividend Total  No. of Equity Shares	-do-	-
	vii)  Dividend per share [DPS]	Total Dividend paid to ordinary shareholders Number of ordinary shares	Shareholders, Investors	-
Management efficiency	i)  Stock Turnover	Cost of goods sold Average Stock	Management	5 to 6 times
	ii)  Debtors Turnover Ratio	Debtors + Bills receivable  x 365 Net Credit sales	Management	45 to 60 days
	iii)  Debtor’s Turnover Rate	Credit sales Avg. Debtors + Bills receivable	Management	60 to 90 days
	iv)  Creditor’s Turnover Ratio	Creditors + Bills payable x 365 Credit purchases	-do-	-
	v)  Creditor’s Turnover Rate	Credit purchases Average Creditors	-	-
	vi)  Operating Ratio	Operating Costs x 100 Net sales  [Operating Cost = Cost of goods sold + Operating expenses (viz. Administrative, selling & finance expenses)]	-	-
Number of times preference dividends covered by net profit	Preference shareholders’ coverage ratio	Net profit (after Interest & Tax but before equity dividend) Preference Dividend	Preference shareholders	-
Number of times equity dividends covered by net profit	Equity shareholder’s coverage ratio	Net profit (after interest, tax & Pref. Dividend) Equity Dividend	Equity shareholders	-
Number of times fixed interest covered by net profit	Interest coverage  ratio	Net profit (before Interest & Tax) (PBIT) Fixed interests & charges	Debenture holders, Loan creditors	-
Relationship between net profit and total fixed charges	Total coverage ratio	Net profit (before Interest & Tax) (PBIT) Total fixed charges	Shareholders, investors, creditors, lenders	-
The idle capacity in the Organisation	Fixed expenses to total cost ratio	Fixed expenses Total cost	Management shareholders	-
Material consumption to sales	Material consumption to sales ratio	Material consumption Sales	Management	-
Wages to sales	Wages to sales ratio	Wages Sales	Management	-
The future market price of a share	Price earning ratio	Market price of a share (MPS) Earnings per share (EPS)